Select Poems of Sidney Lanier

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My gossip, the owl, -- is it thou
That out of the leaves of the low-hanging bough,
As I pass to the beach, art stirred?
Dumb woods, have ye uttered a bird?

. . . . .

Reverend Marsh, low-couched along the sea,
Old chemist, rapt in alchemy,
Distilling silence, -- lo,
That which our father-age had died to know -- [61]
The menstruum that dissolves all matter -- thou
Hast found it: for this silence, filling now
The globed clarity of receiving space,
This solves us all: man, matter, doubt, disgrace,
Death, love, sin, sanity,
Must in yon silence clear solution lie.
Too clear! That crystal nothing who'll peruse?
The blackest night could bring us brighter news.
Yet precious qualities of silence haunt
Round these vast margins, ministrant. [71]
Oh, if thy soul's at latter gasp for space,
With trying to breathe no bigger than thy race
Just to be fellow'd, when that thou hast found
No man with room, or grace enough of bound
To entertain that New thou tell'st, thou art, --
'Tis here, 'tis here thou canst unhand thy heart
And breathe it free, and breathe it free,
By rangy marsh, in lone sea-liberty.

The tide's at full: the marsh with flooded streams
Glimmers, a limpid labyrinth of dreams. [81]
Each winding creek in grave entrancement lies
A rhapsody of morning-stars. The skies
Shine scant with one forked galaxy, --
The marsh brags ten: looped on his breast they lie.

Oh, what if a sound should be made!
Oh, what if a bound should be laid
To this bow-and-string tension of beauty and silence a-spring, --
To the bend of beauty the bow, or the hold of silence the string!
I fear me, I fear me yon dome of diaphanous gleam
Will break as a bubble o'er-blown in a dream, -- [91]
Yon dome of too-tenuous tissues of space and of night,
Over-weighted with stars, over-freighted with light,
Over-sated with beauty and silence, will seem
But a bubble that broke in a dream,
If a bound of degree to this grace be laid,
Or a sound or a motion made.

But no: it is made: list! somewhere, -- mystery, where?
In the leaves? in the air?
In my heart? is a motion made:
'Tis a motion of dawn, like a flicker of shade on shade. [101]
In the leaves 'tis palpable: low multitudinous stirring
Upwinds through the woods; the little ones, softly conferring,
Have settled my lord's to be looked for; so; they are still;
But the air and my heart and the earth are a-thrill, --
And look where the wild duck sails round the bend of the river, --
And look where a passionate shiver
Expectant is bending the blades
Of the marsh-grass in serial shimmers and shades, --
And invisible wings, fast fleeting, fast fleeting,
Are beating [111]
The dark overhead as my heart beats, -- and steady and free
Is the ebb-tide flowing from marsh to sea --
(Run home, little streams,
With your lapfuls of stars and dreams), --
And a sailor unseen is hoisting a-peak,
For list, down the inshore curve of the creek
How merrily flutters the sail, --
And lo, in the East! Will the East unveil?
The East is unveiled, the East hath confessed
A flush: 'tis dead; 'tis alive: 'tis dead, ere the West [121]
Was aware of it: nay, 'tis abiding, 'tis unwithdrawn:
Have a care, sweet Heaven! 'Tis Dawn.

Now a dream of a flame through that dream of a flush is uprolled:
To the zenith ascending, a dome of undazzling gold
Is builded, in shape as a bee-hive, from out of the sea:
The hive is of gold undazzling, but oh, the Bee,
The star-fed Bee, the build-fire Bee,
Of dazzling gold is the great Sun-Bee
That shall flash from the hive-hole over the sea.

Yet now the dew-drop, now the morning gray, [131]
Shall live their little lucid sober day
Ere with the sun their souls exhale away.
Now in each pettiest personal sphere of dew
The summ'd morn shines complete as in the blue
Big dew-drop of all heaven: with these lit shrines
O'er-silvered to the farthest sea-confines,
The sacramental marsh one pious plain
Of worship lies. Peace to the ante-reign
Of Mary Morning, blissful mother mild,
Minded of nought but peace, and of a child. [141]

Not slower than Majesty moves, for a mean and a measure
Of motion, -- not faster than dateless Olympian leisure
Might pace with unblown ample garments from pleasure to pleasure, --
The wave-serrate sea-rim sinks unjarring, unreeling,
Forever revealing, revealing, revealing,
Edgewise, bladewise, halfwise, wholewise, -- 'tis done!
Good-morrow, lord Sun!
With several voice, with ascription one,
The woods and the marsh and the sea and my soul
Unto thee, whence the glittering stream of all morrows doth roll, [151]
Cry good and past-good and most heavenly morrow, lord Sun.

O Artisan born in the purple, -- Workman Heat, --
Parter of passionate atoms that travail to meet
And be mixed in the death-cold oneness, -- innermost Guest
At the marriage of elements, -- fellow of publicans, -- blest
King in the blouse of flame, that loiterest o'er
The idle skies yet laborest fast evermore, --
Thou, in the fine forge-thunder, thou, in the beat
Of the heart of a man, thou Motive, -- Laborer Heat:
Yea, Artist, thou, of whose art yon sea's all news, [161]
With his inshore greens and manifold mid-sea blues,
Pearl-glint, shell-tint, ancientest perfectest hues
Ever shaming the maidens, -- lily and rose
Confess thee, and each mild flame that glows
In the clarified virginal bosoms of stones that shine,
It is thine, it is thine:

Thou chemist of storms, whether driving the winds a-swirl
Or a-flicker the subtiler essences polar that whirl
In the magnet earth, -- yea, thou with a storm for a heart,
Rent with debate, many-spotted with question, part [171]
From part oft sundered, yet ever a globed light,
Yet ever the artist, ever more large and bright
Than the eye of a man may avail of: -- manifold One,
I must pass from thy face, I must pass from the face of the Sun:
Old Want is awake and agog, every wrinkle a-frown;
The worker must pass to his work in the terrible town:
But I fear not, nay, and I fear not the thing to be done;
I am strong with the strength of my lord the Sun:
How dark, how dark soever the race that must needs be run,
I am lit with the Sun. [181]

Oh, never the mast-high run of the seas
Of traffic shall hide thee,
Never the hell-colored smoke of the factories
Hide thee,
Never the reek of the time's fen-politics
Hide thee,
And ever my heart through the night shall with knowledge abide thee,
And ever by day shall my spirit, as one that hath tried thee,
Labor, at leisure, in art, -- till yonder beside thee
My soul shall float, friend Sun, [191]
The day being done.

____
Baltimore, December, 1880.

Notes: Sunrise

In the words of Mrs. Lanier, "`Sunrise', Mr. Lanier's latest completed poem,
was written while his sun of life seemed fairly at the setting,
and the hand which first pencilled its lines had not strength
to carry nourishment to the lips." See `Introduction', p. xviii [Part I].
Lanier has two other poems on the same theme, both short:
`A Sunrise Song' and `Between Dawn and Sunrise' (entered under `Marsh Hymns').

As already pointed out (`Introduction', pp. xxxi [Part III], xlvii [Part IV]),
`Sunrise' shows in a powerful way the delicacy and the comprehensiveness
of Lanier's love for nature. True, as I have elsewhere stated
(`Introduction', p. xlvi [Part IV]), the poem has some serious limitations,
more I think than has `The Marshes of Glynn'; but, despite its shortcomings,
`Sunrise' is from an absolute stand-point a great poem;
while, if we consider the circumstances under which it was produced,
it is, in the words of Professor Kent, "a world-marvel".

Aside from the numerous unapproachable snatches in Shakespeare,*
I know of nothing on the subject in English literature
comparable to `Sunrise'. Mr. W. W. Story's `Sunrise' is perhaps
the closest parallel, and yet it is far inferior to Lanier's,
as every reader of the two will admit. If one wishes to make
further comparisons, he may find sunrise poems in the following authors:
Blake, Cowper, Emerson, Hood, Keats, Longfellow, Southey, Thompson,
Willis, etc. I may add that an interesting, though superficial article
on `The Poetry of Sunrise and Sunset' may be found in
`Chambers's Edinburgh Journal', 22, 234, October 7, 1854.

--
* Among others I may cite the following passages:

"Hark! hark! the lark at heaven's gate sings,"

in `Cymbeline', 2, 3;

"But look the morn in russet mantle clad
Walks o'er the dew of yon high eastern hill,"

in `Hamlet', 1, 1;

"Night's candles are burnt out, and jocund day
Stands tiptoe on the misty mountain-tops,"

in `Romeo and Juliet', 3, 5; and

"Full many a glorious morning have I seen" etc.,

`Sonnet xxxiii'.
--

3, 13-14. See `Introduction', p. xxxii [Part III], and compare l. 26.

39-53. See `Introduction', p. xxxiii [Part III].

42. I had made the comparison between Lanier and St. Francis
before reading Dr. Gates's essay on Lanier, and was delighted to find
my judgment confirmed by so competent a critic. Dr. Gates is quite emphatic:
"Since St. Francis, no soul has seemed so heavily overcharged
with this feeling of brotherhood for all created things."
`The Canticle of the Sun', otherwise known as `The Song of the Creatures',
may be found in metrical form in Mrs. Oliphant's life of St. Francis
(New York, 1870) and in prose in Sabatier's (Scribners, New York, 1894).

54. Lanier has an `Owl against Robin'.

57. See `Introduction', p. xli [Part IV].

80-85. See `Introduction', p. xliii [Part IV].

86-152. See `Introduction', p. xlvii [Part IV]. Mr. F. F. Browne says
that in lyric sweetness ll. 86-97 recall the best of Keats and Shelley.

114-115. See `Introduction', p. xliv [Part IV].

127. Lanier has a poem entitled `The Bee'.

134-136. See `Introduction', p. xliii [Part IV].

181. Compare Mrs. Easter's tribute, `Lit with the Sun'.

189-192. See `Introduction', p. xxi [Part I], and compare Cowdin's tribute,
`Hopeset and Sunrise', and the closing stanza of Hamlin Garland's:

"While heart's blood ebbed at every breath
He passed life's head-land bleak and dun,
Flew through the western gate of Death
And took his place beside the sun."

Bibliography

I. Collected Prose Works

Tiger-lilies: A Novel. 16mo, pp. v, 252. Hurd & Houghton, New York, 1867.
Out of print.

Florida: Its Scenery, Climate, and History. 12mo, pp. 336.
J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1876.

The Boy's Froissart. Being Sir John Froissart's Chronicles of Adventure,
Battle, and Custom in England, France, Spain, etc. Edited for Boys.
Crown 8vo, pp. xxviii, 422. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1878.

The Science of English Verse. Crown 8vo, pp. xv, 315.
Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1880.

The Boy's King Arthur. Being Sir Thomas Malory's History of King Arthur
and his Knights of the Round Table. Edited for Boys. Crown 8vo,
pp. xlviii, 404. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1880.

The Boy's Mabinogion. Being the Earliest Welsh Tales of King Arthur
in the famous Red Book of Hergest. Edited for Boys. Crown 8vo,
pp. xxiv, 378. Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1881.

The Boy's Percy. Being Old Ballads of War, Adventure, and Love,
from Bishop Thomas Percy's Reliques of Ancient English Poetry.
Edited for Boys. Crown 8vo, pp. xxxii, 442. Charles Scribner's Sons,
New York, 1882.

The English Novel and the Principles of its Development. Crown 8vo, pp. 293.
Charles Scribner's Sons, New York, 1883.

II. Collected Poetical Works

Poems. Pp. 94. J. B. Lippincott & Co., Philadelphia, 1877.
Contained `To Charlotte Cushman' (dedication), `Corn', `The Symphony',
`The Psalm of the West', `In Absence', `Acknowledgment', `Betrayal',
`Special Pleading', `To Charlotte Cushman', `Rose-morals',
`To ---- with a Rose'.

Poems of Sidney Lanier, Edited by his Wife, with a Memorial
by William Hayes Ward. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1884,
252 pp., 12mo.

III. Uncollected Prose Pieces

Three Waterfalls: `Scott's Magazine' (Atlanta, Ga.), August, September, 1867.

Address before the Furlow Masonic Female College (Ga.), June 30, 1869:
`Catalogue' of the College for 1869.

Confederate Memorial Address at Macon, Ga., April 26, 1870:
`Macon Daily Telegraph' of April 27, 1870, and reprinted in same
for April 27, 1887.

Retrospects and Prospects: `Southern Magazine' (Baltimore) 8. 283-290,
446-456, March, April, 1871.

Nature-Metaphors: `Southern Magazine' 10. 172-182, February, 1872.

San Antonio de Bexar: `Southern Magazine' 13. 83-99, 138-152,
July, August, 1873.

Peace: `Southern Magazine' 15. 406-410, October, 1874.

Review of Hayne's Poems: `Southern Magazine', 1874.

The Ocklawaha in May: `Lippincott's Magazine' (Philadelphia) 16. 403-413,
October, 1875.

St. Augustine in April: `Lippincott's Magazine' 16. 537-550, November, 1875.

Sketches of India, published anonymously: `Lippincott's Magazine' 17. 37-51,
172-183, 283-301, 409-427, January-April, 1876.

Defence of Centennial Cantata: `The Tribune' (New York), 1876.

Musical Festival in Baltimore: `The Sun' (Baltimore), May 28, 29, 30, 1878.

Criticism of Rubinstein's Ocean Symphony: `The Sun' (Baltimore),
January 31, 1880.

The Story of a Proverb: `Lippincott's Magazine' 23. 109-113, January, 1879.

Letter to Mr. J. F. D. Lanier, a banker of New York,
giving an account of the Laniers in Europe and of their coming to America:
privately printed, Baltimore, April 2, 1879, pp. 17.

A Fairy Tale for Grown People: `St. Nicholas Magazine', 1879.

The Orchestra of To-day: `Scribner's Monthly' (New York) 19. 897-904,
April, 1880.

The New South: `Scribner's Monthly' 20. 840-851. October, 1880.

Bob: `The Independent' (New York) 34. 1-3, August 3, 1882.

Moral Purpose in Art: `The Century Magazine' (New York) 4. 131-137,
May, 1883.

Two Letters to Bayard Taylor: Taylor (M. H.) and Scudder's
`Life and Letters of Bayard Taylor' (Boston, 1884), vol. ii., 677, 693-94.

The Legend of St. Leonor, a Fragment from an Unfinished Lecture
on "The Relations of Poetry and Science": `The Independent' 37. 1627,
December 17, 1885.

The Happy Soul's Address to the Dead Body, from Shakespeare
Course of Lectures: `The Independent', 1886.

A Great Man Wanted, Extract from Letter of November 15, 1874,
to Judge L. E. Bleckley, of Georgia: `The Acorn' (Towson, Md.), June, 1887;
reprinted in `The Critic' (New York) 7. 309, June 18, 1887.

From Bacon to Beethoven, published anonymously: `Lippincott's Magazine'
41. 643-655, May, 1888.

Chaucer and Shakespeare: `The Independent' 43. 1337-1338, 1371-1372,
September 10 and 17, 1891.

Chaucer and Shakespeare Compared: `The Independent' 43. 1401-1402,
September 24, 1891.

What I Know about Flowers, a S. S. address delivered about 1868,
but first published in `The Sunday-school Times' (Philadelphia) 33. 739,
November 21, 1891.

How to Read Chaucer: `The Independent' 43. 1748, November 26, 1891.

Blood-red Flower of War, an extract from `Tiger-lilies' (pp. 115-121):
`The Sunday News' (Baltimore), November 27, 1892.

Letters to Mr. and Mrs. Gibson Peacock, from January 26, 1875,
to June 1, 1880, edited by Wm. R. Thayer: `The Atlantic Monthly' (Boston)
74. 14-28, 181-193, July, August, 1894.

IV. Uncollected Poems

Laughter in the Senate: `The Round Table' (New York), 1868.

Civil Rights: `The Herald' (Atlanta, Ga.), 1874.

Songs Against Death (five stanzas, the last fragmentary):
`The Century Magazine' 10. 377, July, 1886.

One in Two: `Century Magazine' 12. 417, July, 1887.

Two in One: `Century Magazine' 12. 417, July, 1887.

To "The White Flower" of The English Novel, written in 1878,
but printed in 1890 by L. Prang (Boston) on an illustrated Christmas Card.

On the Receipt of a Jar of Marmalade, written for Mrs. C. N. Hawkins in 1877,
but printed in her husband's paper, `The New Castle (Va.) Record',
April 11, 1891.

The Lord's Romance of Time, an Outline: `Sunday-school Times'
(Philadelphia), 1892.

To Lucie, written on St. Valentine's Day, 1880, published in `From Dixie',
Richmond, Va., 1893.

V. Poems in Anthologies

Blackman, O.: see `Lawrence, W. M.'

Hutchinson, Ellen M.: see `Stedman, E. C.'

Lawrence (W. M.) and Blackman (O.): `The Riverside Song Book' (Boston, 1893)
has `Baby Charley' (p. 91) and `May the Maiden' (p. 97), both set to music.

Putnam, S. A. Brock: `The Poetry of America' (New York, 1894)
has `Life and Song', `Nirvana', `Ballad of Trees and the Master',
and `Sunrise'.

Roberts, C. G. D.: `Poems of Wild Life' (London, 1888)
has `The Revenge of Hamish' (pp. 57-62).

Sladen, Douglas: `Younger American Poets' (New York, 1891)
gives (pp. 131-145) `Sunrise', `The Marshes of Glynn',
`Song of the Chattahoochee', `A Ballad of Trees and the Master',
an extract from `The Symphony', and `The Crystal'.

Stedman (E. C.) and Hutchinson (Ellen M.): `A Library of American Literature'
(New York, 1891) gives (vol. x., pp. 145-151) `The Marshes of Glynn',
`Song of the Chattahoochee', `The Mocking-bird', `The Revenge of Hamish',
`Night and Day', and a portrait.

VI. Criticisms* of Lanier's Life and Works

* Unless the title of the criticism is given, the article treats
Lanier's life and works in general. Except in special cases
no account is made of articles in the daily papers. -- For brevity's sake
I cite under this head the music composed for several of Lanier's poems.

American Youth (Chicago): 3. 102.

Appleton's Annual Cyclopaedia (New York): 1881, p. 685: `Obituary'.

Black, G. D.: `The Antiochian' (Yellow Springs, O.) 2: 4. 4-6,
February, 1886.

Black, G. D.: `Belford's Magazine' (Chicago) 6. 187-190, January, 1891.

Blackman, O.: see `Lawrence' under `V'.

Boykin, Laurette N.: `Home Life of Sidney Lanier', Atlanta, Ga., 1889, 12 pp.

Browne, F. F.: `The Dial' (Chicago) 5. 244-246, January, 1885.

Browne, Wm. H.: `Memorial Address' before the Johns Hopkins University,
October 22, 1881, 8 pp. Privately printed.

Browne, Wm. H.: `Letter at the Unveiling of a Bust of the Poet
at Macon, Ga.', October 17, 1890, in `The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution'
of October 19, 1890.

Browne, Wm. H.: `From Dixie' (Richmond, Va., 1893), pp. 40-51.

Buck, Dudley: Music to Lanier's `Centennial Cantata'.
New York: G. Schirmer, 1876.

Buck, Dudley: `Sunset', music to Lanier's `Evening Song'.
New York: G. Schirmer, 1877.

Buckham, J.: `An Account of the Hopkins Memorial Meeting
of February 3, 1888', `Literary World' (Boston) 19. 56-57, February 18, 1888.

Burton, R. E.: `An Account of the Hopkins Memorial Meeting
of February 3, 1888', `The Critic' (New York), 9. 63-64, February 11, 1888;
also in Gilman's `Memorial of Sidney Lanier', pp. 47-50.

Burton, Richard E.: `Lanier Bibliography', in Gilman's
`Memorial of Sidney Lanier' (Baltimore, 1888), pp. 51-56.

Calvert, G. H.: `The Golden Age', June 12, 1875.

Carmichael, Mary: `A May Song', music to Lanier's `Song for the Jacquerie'.
London: Stanley, Lucas, Weber & Co., 1889.

Century Magazine (New York): 1. 475, January, 1882: `Boy's Mabinogion'.

Chamberlain, D. H.: `The New Englander' (New Haven, Conn.) 44. 227-238,
March, 1885.

Coleman, C. W., Jr.: `Homes of Some Southern Authors IV.',
`The Chautauquan' (Meadville, Pa.) 8. 343-344.

Critic, The (New York): 3. 3-4, January 3, 1885: `Poems';
9. 97, February 28, 1888: `Professor J. H. Gilmore's Lecture on Lanier';
9. 224, May 5, 1888; 9. 245, May 19, 1888; 15. 130, March 7, 1891;
16. 197, October 17, 1891: `Poems' (ed. of 1891); 20. 95, August 5, 1893:
`Professor W. D. McClintock's Lecture on Lanier'.

Cummings, Miss M. A.: `Catholic Mirror' (Baltimore), May 7, 1892.

Dewey, T. E.: `Address before the Kansas Academy of Language and Literature',
at Baker University, Baldwin, April 7, 1892, 34 pp.

Dial, The (Chicago): 2. 182-3, December, 1881: `Boy's Mabinogion';
3. 176, December, 1882: `Boy's Percy'; 4. 40, June, 1883.

Fiske, John: see `Wilson, J. G.'

Gates, M. E.: `Sidney Lanier's Moral Earnestness', `The Critic' 3. 227,
May 9, 1885, as quoted from the Rutgers College `Targum'.

Gates, M. E.: `Presbyterian Review' (New York), 8. 669-701, October, 1887;
also in pamphlet form; summarized in Sladen's `Younger American Poets'
(pp. 635-644).

Gates, M. E.: `On the Ethical Influence of Lanier', in Gilman's `Memorial',
pp. 31-36.

Gilder, R. W.: `Letter to President Gilman', in latter's `Memorial',
pp. 27-29.

Gilman, D. C.: `Our Continent' (Chicago), February, 1882.

Gilman, D. C. (ed.): `A Memorial of Sidney Lanier' (Baltimore, 1888), 52 pp.

Gilman, D. C.: `Letter at the Unveiling of a Bust of the Poet at Macon, Ga.',
October 17, 1890, in `The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution' of October 19, 1890.

Gosse, Edmund: `Questions at Issue', London, 1893, pp. 78-81.

Hankins, V. W.: `Southern Bivouac' (Louisville, Ky.), 2. 760-61, May, 1887.

Harper's Magazine (New York): 54. 617, March, 1877: `Poems' (1877 ed.);
60. 474, February, 1880: `Boy's Froissart'; 61. 796-97, October, 1880:
`Science of English Verse'; 62. 315, January, 1881: `Boy's King Arthur';
64. 316, January, 1882: `Boy's Mabinogion'; 66. 316, January, 1883:
`Boy's Percy'; 67. 798-99, October, 1883: `The English Novel'.

Harris, Joel Chandler: `The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution'
of September 12, 1881.

Harris, J. C.: `Letter at Unveiling of a Bust of the Poet at Macon, Ga.',
October 17, 1890, `The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution' of October 19, 1890.

Hawthorne (J.) and Lemmon (L.): `American Literature', Boston, 1893,
pp. 276-77.

Hayne, Paul H.: `A Poet's Letters to a Friend', `The Critic' 5. 77-78, 89-90,
February 13, 20, 1886.

Higginson, T. W.: `The Chautauquan' (Meadville, Pa.) 7. 416-418, April, 1887.

Higginson, T. W.: `Women and Men', Boston, 1888, chap. 58.

Hill, Mrs. K.: `Marie', music to Lanier's `Song for the Jacquerie',
Riga, P. Neldner, 1891.

Hill, W. B.: `Address in Presenting Bust of the Poet to City of Macon, Ga.',
`The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution' of October 19, 1890.

Hubner, Chas. W.: `The American', Atlanta, Ga., November 29, 1888.

Kent, C. W.: `A Study of Lanier's Poems, in Publications of
the Modern Language Association' (Baltimore) 7: 2. 33-63, April-June, 1892.

Kirk, J. F.: `A Supplement to Allibone's Dictionary of English Literature'
(Philadelphia), 1891, vol. ii., 973, has a brief sketch of Lanier.

Kirkus, Wm.: `American Literary Churchman', October, 1881.

Lanier, Charles: `Letter at Unveiling of Poet's Bust at Macon, Ga.',
October 17, 1890, `The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution' of October 19, 1890.

Lanier, Clifford: `Letter at Unveiling of Poet's Bust at Macon, Ga.',
October 17, 1890, `The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution' of October 19, 1890.

Lawrence, W. M.: see under `V'.

Lemmon, L.: see `Hawthorne'.

Lind, W. Murdoch: `Sidney Lanier's Library', `The Daily News' (Baltimore),
July 24, 1892.

Link, S. A.: `New England Magazine' (Boston) 10. 14-19, March, 1894.

Literary World, The (Boston): 6. 116, January, 1876: `Florida';
7. 103, December, 1876: `Poems' (Lippincott ed.); 11. 227, July 3, 1880:
`Science of English Verse'; 11. 441, December 4, 1880: `Boy's King Arthur';
12. 215, June 18, 1881: `Florida'; 12. 449, December 3, 1881:
`Boy's Mabinogion'; 14. 204-205, June 30, 1883: `English Novel';
16. 40-41, February 7, 1885: `Poems'; 16. 350-352, April 10, 1885: `Poems'.

Lowell, James Russell: `Letter to President Gilman' in latter's `Memorial',
p. 25.

Macmechan, A.: `The Varsity' (Toronto), March 3, 1888.

Marble, E.: `Cottage Hearth' (Boston), 4. 141-142, June, 1877.

Morris, H. S.: `The Poetry of S. L.', `The American' (Philadelphia),
No. 393, pp. 284-285, February 18, 1888.

Nation, The (New York): 31. 310-311, October 28, 1880:
`Science of English Verse'; 33. 216, September 15, 1881;
33. 994, November 17, 1881; 35. 468, November 30, 1882: `Boy's Percy';
37. 38, July 12, 1883: `English Novel'; 39. 528, December 18, 1884: `Poems';
46. 51-52, February 9, 1888; 53. 297, October 15, 1891: `Poems' (1891 ed.).

Newell, A. C.: `Lanier's Life at Oglethorpe College',
`The Atlanta (Ga.) Constitution' of February 27, 1894.

New Englander (New Haven, Conn.): 39. 566, July, 1880:
`Science of English Verse'.

Penn, A.: `S. L. on the English Novel', `Century Magazine', 5. 957-958,
April, 1884.

Pitts, W. A.: `Wofford College Journal' (Spartanburg, S.C.) 4. 307-312,
June, 1893.

Poet-lore (Philadelphia): 2. 303, 1890; 3. 369, 1891.

Putnam, S. A. Brock: `The Poetry of America', New York, 1894,
has a short Sketch of Lanier.

Richardson, Charles F.: `American Literature' (1607-1885), 2 vols.,
New York, 1889-1891; vol. 2. 231-2, 242, 398.

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